Siderophore production and nitrogenfixation are mutually exclusive strategies in Anabaena 712

Concurrent behavior: are the interpretations mutually exclusive?

The experimental literature is replete with examples of behavior which occur concurrently with a schedule of reinforcement. These concurrent behaviors, often with similar topographies and occurring under like circumstances, may be interpreted as functionally autonomous, collateral, adjunctive, superstitious or mediating behavior. The degree to which the interaction of concurrent and schedule co...

Remembering when Words are Mutually Exclusive

During the second year of life, infants develop a ‘mutual exclusivity’ bias to attach novel object labels to novel, nameunknown objects, rather than familiar, name-known objects (Markman, 1989). In an intermodal preferential looking experiment with 19.5and 22.5-month-old infants, stimulus repetition was critical for observing mutual exclusivity. On the first occasion that a novel label was pres...

Containing costs and containing bugs: are they mutually exclusive?

BACKGROUND The overall health care costs for managing patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in U.S. hospitals is burdensome. While pharmacy costs comprise only a minor proportion of these costs, hospital length of stay (LOS) is the greatest contributor. Infections due to antimicrobial-resistant pathogens are also associated with increased overall health care cost. Therefore, strategi...

Eosinophilic leukemia and idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome are mutually exclusive diagnoses.

Are Data Sharing and Privacy Protection Mutually Exclusive?

We review emerging strategies to protect the privacy of research participants in international epigenome research: open consent, genome donation, registered access, automated procedures, and privacy-enhancing technologies.